在定语从句中, that 是一个常用的关系代词,用于引导定语从句,修饰前面的名词或代词。以下是 that 在定语从句中的用法:
1.引导定语从句: that 作为关系代词,用于引导定语从句,修饰前面的名词或代词。例如:
· The book that I borrowed from the
library is very interesting .
· The person that you met yesterday is my
friend .
2.代替关系代词:在某些情况下, that 可以代替其他关系代词,如 which 、 who 、 whom 等。例如:
· The car ( that ) he drives is very fast .· The person ( that ) I met yesterday is my
friend .
3.引导非限制性定语从句: that 可以引导非限制性定语从句,对前面的句子进行补充说明。例如:
· He was late for the meeting , which (=
and that ) surprised everyone .
4.用于限定和非限定性定语从句: that 可以用于限定性定语从句和非限定性定语从句中。例如:
● The car ( that ) I drive is red .(限定性定语从句)
. The car , that I drive , is red .(非限定性定语从句)
5.修饰从句中的某个成分:在某些情况下, that 可以用来修饰从句中的某个成分,如主语、宾语等。例如:
· The book that he bought yesterday is
very expensive .(修饰宾语)
· The person that you met yesterday is my friend .(修饰主语)
需要注意的是, that 在定语从句中不能省略,除非在引导非限制性定语从句时可以省略。同时, that 也不能充当主语或宾语。
that在限定性从句中可以用来 (亦可不用) 代替when,where和why:
I still remember the summer (that) we had the big drought. (that可以代之以when或during which) 我仍然记得我们遭大旱灾的那个夏天。
I don't know any place (that) you can get a better exchange rate. (that可以代之以where或at which) 我不知道在什么地方你能找到更合适的外汇比价。
That wasn't the reason (that) he lied to you. (that可以代之以why或for which) 那不是他对你撒谎的原因。
注意:这种情况下,that可以省略。
在定语从句中,当先行词是时间名词时,可以使用“that”来引导定语从句,修饰该时间名词。
例如:
The day (that) we met was unforgettable.(我们相遇的那一天是令人难忘的。)
The moment (that) I arrived, the party started.(我到达的那一刻,派对就开始了。)
The year (that) she was born was a difficult time for the family.(她出生的那一年对家庭来说是艰难的时期。)
在这些情况下,"that”可以代替 "when" 或 "on which",用来引导定语从句,尽管使用 "when" 或 "on which"是正确的,但在口语和书面语中,“that”在这种情况下也是被接受且常见的用法。