that引导的主语从句
(一)
当主语从句本身不缺成分时,就会使用that来连接。此时,that只起连接作用,但不能省略。如:
That he will come to our village tomorrow surprises us all. (他要来我们村,让我们都感到很惊讶。)That she used to be a spy is known to all. (大家都知道,她过去是个间谍。)
这种情况下,因为主语从句往往比谓语部分更长,会导致整个句子头重脚轻,所以经常会用it作为形式主语来替换主语从句,而把主语从句放到句末。此时,that也只起连接作用,但可以省略。比如,以上两个句子就存在这个问题,所以一般都会改为:
It surprises us all (that) he will come to our village tomorrow.It is known to all (that) she used to be a spy.
(二)
如果句子是疑问句,则必须用带形式主语it的结构。如:
That she is our English teacher is true. (她是我们的英语老师,是真的。)That he has been there twice is a fact. (他去过那儿两次了,是真的。)
这两句话如果改为一般疑问句时,不能这么改:
错误:Is that she is your English teacher true?错误:Is that he has been there twice a fact?
而是要改为含有形式主语it的句子:
Is it true that she is your English teacher?Is it a fact that he has been there twice?
(三)
在形式主语it引导的主语从句结构“It is+形容词/名词/名词短语等+that主语从句”中,如果is后面的表语是表示重要或必要等(如important、necessary、a necessity等)含义时,that从句中的谓语动词一般要采用“should+do”的虚拟语气形式,should经常省略。如:
It is imperative that we (should) make a quick decision. (我们要尽快做出决定。)It is necessary that we (should) learn English well. (我们必须学好英语。)